Global Volcanism Program

Home Reef, a submarine volcano midway between Metis Shoal and Late Island in the central Tonga islands, was first reported active in the mid-19th century, when an ephemeral island formed. An eruption in 1984 produced a 12-km-high eruption plume, large amounts of floating pumice, and an ephemeral 500 x 1,500 m island, with cliffs 30-50 m high that enclosed a water-filled crater. In 2006 an island-forming eruption produced widespread dacitic pumice rafts that drifted as far as Australia. Another island was built during a September-October 2022 eruption.

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program Kilauea, Global, Pyroclastic flow

Report from the Bulletin of the - Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program

Timeline of eruption history based on the Global Volcanism Program

Smithsonian Institution - Global Volcanism Program: Worldwide

Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program Collage

Global Volcanism Program

Timeline of eruption history based on the Global Volcanism Program

World map showing location of the volcanoes and countries