Breaking Harmony Square: A game that “inoculates” against political misinformation

We present Harmony Square, a short, free-to-play online game in which players learn how political misinformation is produced and spread. We find that the game confers psychological resistance against manipulation techniques commonly used in political misinformation: players from around the world find social media content making use of these techniques significantly less reliable after playing, are more

How to “inoculate” against multimodal misinformation: A conceptual replication of Roozenbeek and van der Linden (2020)

Technique-based inoculation against real-world misinformation

Towards psychological herd immunity: Cross-cultural evidence for two prebunking interventions against COVID-19 misinformation - Melisa Basol, Jon Roozenbeek, Manon Berriche, Fatih Uenal, William P. McClanahan, Sander van der Linden, 2021

How to “inoculate” against multimodal misinformation: A conceptual replication of Roozenbeek and van der Linden (2020)

How to “inoculate” against multimodal misinformation: A conceptual replication of Roozenbeek and van der Linden (2020)

Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions: European Psychologist: Vol 28, No 3

Sander van der Linden on X: Great to see the US Mission to NATO @USNATO spread the word about our #prebunking research! Harmony Square game prebunks common strategies used in political misinformation (

Psychological inoculation protects against the social media infodemic

Active inoculation boosts attitudinal resistance against extremist persuasion techniques: a novel approach towards the prevention of violent extremism, Behavioural Public Policy