Various ways by which P. falciparum parasite evades the immune system via secreted extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by infected red blood cells (iRBCs), as well as other host cells, are important regulators of the balance that determines the disease outcome. In addition, EVs constitute a robust mode of cell-to-cell communication by transferring signaling cargoes between parasites, and between parasites and host, without requiring cellular contact. The transfer of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA through EVs not only modulate the immune response, it also mediates cellular communication between parasites to synchronize the transmission stage. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding EV roles during malaria.

Relative Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-derived extracellular vesicles

Frontiers Immunomodulation by Helminths: Intracellular Pathways

Frontiers Extracellular Vesicles Could Carry an Evolutionary

Deceiving and escaping complement – the evasive journey of the

Pathogens, Free Full-Text

Immunity to Infection - ScienceDirect

Microorganisms, Free Full-Text

Role of Secretory Vesicles Derived from Plasmodium Infected Red

Cell-Cell Communication between Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells

Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Plasmodium

Antibodies to repeat-containing antigens in Plasmodium falciparum

Uncovering the Role of Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Kinetics measurement of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-extracellular

Phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum by monocytes and neutrophils