1: Steam-vacuum distillation of palm oil and separation of tocopherols

Steam distillation - Wikipedia

3-MCPDE in Palm Oil Processing: Formation Factors, Transference to Food and Mitigation Approaches

3‐MCPD‐ and glycidyl esters can be mitigated in vegetable oils by use of short path distillation - Pudel - 2016 - European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - Wiley Online Library

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil - Hoe - 2020 - Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety - Wiley Online Library

Crude Oil Distillation - an overview

Deodorization

WO1996014311A1 - Process for the production of tocopherol and tocopherol/tocotrienol concentrates - Google Patents

View of Isolation of the unsaponifiable matter (squalene, phytosterols, tocopherols, γ-oryzanol and fatty alcohols) from a fatty acid distillate of rice bran oil

Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Units

SciELO - Brasil - Industrially concentrated tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate Industrially concentrated tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate

What is Vaccum Distillation? - AONG website

PDF) Future prospects for palm oil refining and modifications